For Research Use Only — Not for Human or Veterinary Use
NAD+ Refill 1000mg is supplied exclusively for in vitro and pre-clinical in vivo research use with the AbsoluteBioLab Reusable Metal Peptide Pen v3. This product has not been evaluated by the MHRA, FDA, or any other regulatory authority for safety or efficacy in humans or animals. Purchase confirms the buyer is a qualified researcher.
NAD+ Refill 1000mg — β-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Research-Grade Refill Cartridge for the AbsoluteBioLab Peptide Pen v3
The NAD+ Refill 1000mg is a pre-filled refill cartridge containing research-grade β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+, oxidised form), the essential redox coenzyme and signalling molecule that serves as a substrate for sirtuins (SIRT1–7), PARP enzymes, and CD38/CD157 NADases. This refill format is designed for direct use with the AbsoluteBioLab Reusable Metal Peptide Pen v3. Each refill cartridge contains 1000mg of NAD+ (free acid), verified by HPLC to a minimum purity of ≥99.0%, with molecular identity confirmed by ESI-MS.
NAD+ is a dinucleotide consisting of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) linked by a pyrophosphate bond. It functions as an essential electron carrier in cellular metabolism — cycling between its oxidised (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms in glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and the mitochondrial electron transport chain — and as a substrate for a growing family of NAD+-consuming enzymes that regulate gene expression, DNA repair, calcium signalling, and cellular stress responses. Intracellular NAD+ levels decline with age, metabolic stress, and inflammatory conditions, and restoration of NAD+ levels has been shown to activate sirtuin deacylases and improve mitochondrial function in pre-clinical models of ageing and metabolic disease.
The 1000mg refill format provides a substantial quantity for research programmes with ongoing NAD+ requirements, offering a cost-effective and convenient alternative to repeated small-volume purchases. The refill cartridge is compatible with the AbsoluteBioLab Reusable Metal Peptide Pen v3, providing a consistent delivery format for pre-clinical in vivo research programmes.
Compound Identity & Molecular Data
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Compound Name | β-NAD+ (β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, oxidised form) |
| Molecular Formula | C₂₁H₂₇N₇O₁₄P₂ |
| Molecular Weight | 663.43 Da (free acid, anhydrous) |
| CAS Number | 53-84-9 |
| Form | Free acid (not sodium salt); research-grade preparation |
| Primary Enzyme Substrates | SIRT1–7 (sirtuins), PARP1/2, CD38, CD157, SARM1 |
| Redox Function | NAD+/NADH cycling in glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETC |
| Research Classification | Redox coenzyme; sirtuin substrate; PARP substrate; ageing & metabolism research |
Analytical Release Testing — Refill Cartridge Specification
| Test | Method | Specification | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Purity | HPLC (UV 260 nm) | ≥99.0% | Reverse-phase HPLC; UV detection at 260 nm (adenine absorbance) |
| Identity | ESI-MS | Confirmed ±0.1 Da | Expected [M+H]⁺: 664.44 |
| Endotoxin | Kinetic turbidimetric LAL | <1.0 EU/mg | USP <85> compliant method |
| Residual Moisture | Karl Fischer titration | <5.0% | Coulometric KF; critical for NAD+ stability |
| Quantity per Cartridge | Gravimetric | 1000 mg ± 5% | Free acid; net NAD+ content |
| Compatible Device | — | AbsoluteBioLab Peptide Pen v3 | Use with 4mm 31G pen needles |
Mechanism of Action
NAD+ functions as an essential electron acceptor in cellular metabolism, accepting hydride ions (H⁻) from metabolic intermediates in glycolysis (GAPDH-catalysed step), the TCA cycle (isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase), and fatty acid β-oxidation (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase). The resulting NADH donates electrons to Complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, driving ATP synthesis. The NAD+/NADH ratio is a key indicator of cellular redox status and metabolic activity, with a high NAD+/NADH ratio indicating an oxidised, metabolically active state.
As a sirtuin substrate, NAD+ is consumed by SIRT1–7 in the deacylation of lysine residues on histone and non-histone proteins. SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of PGC-1α promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism; SIRT3-mediated deacetylation of mitochondrial proteins promotes electron transport chain activity and reduces ROS production; SIRT6-mediated deacetylation of H3K9ac and H3K56ac promotes DNA repair and genomic stability. The dependence of sirtuin activity on NAD+ availability links cellular energy status to epigenetic regulation and stress responses, making NAD+ a central node in the metabolic-epigenetic regulatory network.
As a PARP substrate, NAD+ is consumed by PARP1 and PARP2 in the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains on target proteins at sites of DNA damage. PARP1 hyperactivation in response to severe DNA damage can deplete cellular NAD+ pools, triggering energy crisis and cell death — a mechanism that is exploited by PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy. CD38 and CD157 are NADases that consume NAD+ to produce cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and ADPR, second messengers that mobilise intracellular calcium from the ER. CD38 is a major consumer of NAD+ in ageing tissues and is thought to contribute to the age-related decline in NAD+ levels.
Research Applications
NAD+ Refill 1000mg is used across multiple areas of metabolic, ageing, and cell biology research. As a sirtuin substrate, it is used to investigate SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of PGC-1α, FOXO3a, and p53, and the downstream effects on mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy, and stress resistance. As a PARP substrate, it is used to investigate PARP1-mediated DNA repair and the consequences of PARP hyperactivation on cellular NAD+ depletion. The NAD+/NADH ratio is measured by enzymatic cycling assays or fluorescence-based detection kits to assess cellular redox status in metabolic research. In pre-clinical in vivo research, NAD+ is administered to investigate the effects of NAD+ repletion on mitochondrial function, sirtuin activity, and metabolic parameters in models of ageing, obesity, and metabolic syndrome.
Reconstitution & Handling Guidance
NAD+ is supplied as a dry powder in the refill cartridge and must be dissolved before use. For in vivo research, dissolve in sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) or PBS (pH 7.4) immediately before use, as NAD+ hydrolyses in aqueous solution. Prepare fresh solutions for each experiment; do not store dissolved NAD+ solutions for extended periods. For in vitro applications, prepare stock solutions in sterile water or PBS and store as single-use aliquots at −80°C under inert atmosphere (argon or nitrogen) to prevent oxidation and hydrolysis.
Storage & Stability
| Condition | Temperature | Duration | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dry powder (cartridge, long-term) | −20°C | ≥24 months | Desiccated; inert atmosphere; protect from light and moisture |
| Dry powder (cartridge, short-term) | 2–8°C | Up to 3 months | Desiccated; inert atmosphere; suitable for active research use |
| Dissolved solution | Prepare fresh; −80°C for aliquots | Use within 24h or freeze immediately | NAD+ hydrolyses in aqueous solution; prepare fresh or store at −80°C under inert atmosphere |
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